5 Tips For You

Five Tips For Doing Circuits
Every student spends time in the circuit. PSTAR The circuit is an agreed upon routine that fliers use in order to preserve traffic separation and simplify the lives of air traffic controllers more convenient. Everybody does the circuit at each airport the same way, so all the fliers know where everyone ought to be.

There are guidelines and protocols that are pretty standardised. Normally the circuit is a left hand one, meaning the pilots turn left from one leg to the other, but now and then they are right hand circuits.

The circuit contains five parts: the take off leg, the crosswind leg, the downwind leg, the base leg and the final leg. Sometimes the last two legs are called the approach legs.

The take off leg begins on the runway and lasts until the turn out, which is commonly at 500 feet AGL. A left turn delivers you to the crosswind leg. With some aircraft, like a 170, you climb to one thousand feet above ground level through the crosswind. With others, like a 150, that doesn`t ascend as well, you could possibly begin the turn at 800 feet above ground level. Bush pilot Whatever the case, circuit height is commonly 1000 feet AGL, and you`d want to arrive at circuit height when you`re ready to turn into the downwind. If you turn at eight hundred feet above ground level you naturally will be required to perform a climbing turn.

The downwind acquires its name because we land into the wind. An alternative way of saying into the wind is upwind. The opposite of upwind (which is the way you`re flying) is downwind, hence the name.

The downwind is the leg during which you do your pre-landing checks and make the call to the tower for the clearance. After you`ve made the turn from crosswind to downwind check your spacing from the strip, ensure you`re parallel with it, establish yourself in straight and level flight, and then promptly get on the checks. The sooner you perform this the more time you`ll have to make your call for your clearance and startbush pilot training looking for traffic. That`s tip number 1. Get into straight and level quickly, verify your position and perform your checks. Be speedy, but be consistent every time.

After you`ve received clearance from ATC you can begin getting ready for your turn to base. The point to turn is when the end of the runway is at a forty five degree angle from a point in the center of the rear wing root and the stabilizer.

You have to slow down to go down, meaning you need to get to your approach speed and attitude as early as possible. To complete this you should try to complete the whole thing precisely the same way each time. You have a bit of latitude in the order, but ordinarily you`ll back off the power first. Pick a set RPM and pin the needle right on it. If you make it into the white arc that allows you to apply flaps you can either apply them in stages or set them at 20 degrees right off the bat. The critical point is to be consistent every time.

If you don't get into in the white arc you can still set up your turn. This will bleed off energy and gets you into the white arc. At this point you can apply your flaps. Again, apply them in stages, or apply them all at once, but be consistent. That`s tip 2 - consistency.

If you haven`t turned yet, do so now(assuming you`ve made your calls, received the clearance and are ok with traffic).

When you scale back power the nose will drop and you`ll have to pull back on the yoke to maintain the desirable attitude. When you apply your flaps the nose will rise, and you`ll have to re-adjust. Trim the aircraft each time. Trimming makes it easier to fly and will allow you to concentrate on other things, like rate of descent. You would like to be descending at four hundred to five hundred FPM. Tip 3 is to confirm your target RPM, your approach speed, and your rate of descent. Get them set up at the earliest opportunity during the base leg.

A good approach makes for good landings. Proper approach speed, power setting and rate of descent should put you on an effective approach, and if you do everything consistently you`ll have consistently better chances of setting up the right approach. At this point on the base leg you need to look at the airstrip to consider when you want to turn to final. Consistency kicks in here once more: I like to set up the turn when the landing strip has passed the pitot tube and is almost at the strut. You can easily opt for a different time, but be consistent. If the end of your turn puts you in line with the runway you`re doing it correctly.

All that`s left is to stick on the glide path all the way down and then land. If you`ve done everything correctly and consistently you should have no problem.

The only problem with this is that temperature, wind and loading conditions differ every time we take wing. Being consistent with your inputs from flight to flight won`t put you at the same point on the strip all the time because your inputs are only part of the equation. You have to compensate for ambient conditions.
bush pilot training And here is tip #4: if you`ve been consistent with all your inputs you`ve set up a consistent target. You can now adjust intelligently for wind, temperature or loading so you can stick on the optimum glide path. In fact, you will almost always have to make adjustments. The tip is that you must be aware that you are adjusting from a benchmark that you established in the first place, not just guessing what you ought to do based on how things look.

The last tip is pretty uncomplicated, but it took me quite some time to notice it and start practicing it. You fly circuits to practice, and we do it repetitively. It stands to reason that if you`ve performed everything consistently and you`re high on your first approach you can fix it on the next attempt by lengthening the downwind leg somewhat, or reducing the power more. And that`s the fifth tip: if the last approach wasn`t excellent, make the sensible adjustments to correct it on the subsequent one. Remember, you're the PIC.

Two Approaches to Real Estate Investing

People invest in real estate for two reasons.

I'll talk about the second approach first . Investment real estate is immobile. In fact, that characteristic is why the French and Spanish call it what they do ("propriéte immobilière" and "bienes inmuebles"). That means that real property doesn't disappear and doesn't expire. Its value may go up and down, and its title may be stolen, but it never ceases to exist.

This quality can make properties a reliable place to parkwealth. These qualities can make property a healthy place to park capital, especially for real estate investors who obtain enough income in other endeavors. These buyers superior quality real estate that is dependable and consistent. They are in most cases unconcerned with the rate of return on the investment. They really want realty that can, in the future, stay in demand. it could be city real estate or agricultural land. The key requirement is usually that it be in a location where rule of law and minorities or foreigners are respected.

An illustration of this sort of buyer is a Chinese business person who has made lots of money in China's recent financial boom, but who doesn't have faith in the future of the country. It's important to appreciate, in this circumstance, that a 50 year old Chinese was born in 1961. If his parents were involved in the Party at that time, and had acquired some authority, there is a possibility that they went through some major reversals during the Cultural Revolution which began in 1968. An illustration of this can be found in Xi Jinping, said to be the next President of China. His father, once a Vice-Premier, and former Communist guerrilla, was cleansed in 1968.

Things are totally different now, and that fact is not lost on many of China's nouveau riche. But things could change again. They do not trust Chinese society and would like a sound place for their funds. International real-estate can fill this need.

One other case is the classic one of criminal activity. Proceeds of crime placed into property remain safe. This is the grounds behind money laundering rulings. It has been argued that profits made by raising marijuana has made a contribution to falsely raising Vancouver area property costs.

Those are two extremes of the spectrum, but what they illustrate is a longing for shelter and security, and lower interest in profits and growth.

The same qualities apply to well-to-do men and women looking for an inflation hedge. If local variations are taken out. The critical point is income. The qualities of safety and immobility are gravy.

There can be a clash between the two approaches, although it isn't always in existence. When properties are attractive to buyers seeking growth they can be twice as eye-catching to investors trying to find stability. But, when individuals searching for a safe sanctuary decide to compete with individuals trying to generate income, the stability seekers simply out compete the revenue seekers. They typically have deeper pockets and are not constrained by income investment methods. This has happened in Vancouver, where Chinese money has chased typical income investors out of the market place.